The archive related tables keep track of stable identifiers in Ensembl. Genes in Ensembl change with every new release and gene build of the assembly. This can mean a change of stable identifier. The mapping_session table stores any entry changes.
The gene archive table stores gene structures. Whenever a stable id for a gene gets a new version or disappears from the database, the table records the transcripts and translations structure of the gene. Theoretically the gene_version should provide enough information about the archived gene, but if the version of the gene was not kept up to date, mapping will be needed to identify a gene unambiguously.
The peptide_archive contains old peptide sequences for peptides that changed. This was introduced together with versioning of the peptides so a stable id and version uniquely identify a peptide.
The stable_id_event table keeps track of information flow from genes, transcripts and translations. Newly introduced stable ids will have a NULL old stable id. Similarly a deleted stable id will get a NULL new stable_id. If the gene "splits" and parts map to genes with different stable_ids, an event is created describing this.
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